Until its independence from British colonial rule on 6 March, 1957, Ghana was called the "Gold Coast" - a name given to it by early Portuguese explorers, who first set foot on the shores of the country in the fifteenth century. The name aptly described the country's wealth in gold and natural resources, which include, to the present day:

• Rich mineral resources, such as gold, diamonds, manganese, bauxite, iron ore and various clay and salt deposits.
• Extensive, rich forests with a wide range of fine tropical hardwoods.
• A wide variety of agricultural products and rich fishing resources.
• Unique tourist attractions, including beautiful landscapes, inviting sunshine, golden beaches, wildlife parks, the countryside (with its rich cultural heritage), and the proverbial warmth and hospitality of the people.

Ghana was the first sub Saharan country to gain independence in 1957. Since then it upholds its name as a friendly and stable multi-party democratic republic. The country is situated on the African west coast on the Gulf of Guinea just north of the equator and on the Greenwich meridian. Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Togo are Ghana's neighbouring countries.


History
Ghana has a rich and varied history, especially from the time the Portuguese discovered gold in 1471, through to Ghana gaining independence in 1957. In this time, the monarchs of several European countries (including Denmark, England, Holland, Prussia and Sweden) sent explorers to the country for its abundant wealth - both natural and human. These countries battled for supremacy and control over the land, building forts and castles, which also served as trading posts. Evidence of the extent of European colonial presence can still be seen today - 29 of the 32 European colonial forts and castles dotted along the coast of West Africa are in Ghana.


Accra
Accra is the capital city of Ghana. Accra has a wide range of restaurants, accommodation and entertainment on offer. Here you can enjoy the taste of local dishes, the luxury of 5 star services and the local High life music, but there is much more available in Accra.

Accra is also a good starting point to explore the rich cultural heritage and the beautiful nature of the rest of Ghana.
You can visit the bustling fishing villages and 15th century castles along the coast to the west of the city. Cape Coast Castle and Elmina Castle being the most renowned of these castles, their importance in the history of Ghana and the slave trade is acknowledged and therefore they are recognised as UNESCO World Heritage monuments.

Furthermore, you can visit Mole National Park for game viewing, the rainforest of Kakum national Park, the cultural rich Ashanti regional capital of Kumasi, the vast Volta Lake or any of the beautiful sandy and palm fringed beaches. Everywhere you go you will find people will greet you with a smile and a warm "Akwaaba" as the population of Ghana is known as Africa's friendliest people.


Language
The official language is English. Next to English there are many tribal languages spoken.
The main languages are: Twi, Ewe, Fanti, Ga and Hausa.


The Ghanaian Way
In Ghana people greet each other with a special handshake which involves clicking of the fingers. Anybody will be happy to teach you and will very pleased if you use this handshake.

Most of the things, like eating or touching food, taking and receiving things, waving etc. are done in Ghana with the right hand. It is considered impolite to use your left hand for these things.

Ghana is a beautiful country, but before you take a photograph, especially of people, always ask for permission first. It is never allowed to take photographs of the airport of military institutions.


Safety
Ghana is a relative safe country to be in and travel through. Just as in most cities in the world it is wise to be vigilant in busy public areas in Accra and other major cities. Avoid carrying large sums of money or valuables on you.

If you want to go swimming somewhere along the coastline ask advice before you dive in as the current along the coast could be very strong.


Time Zone
Local time is GMT.


Electricity
The current is 220 volts. Flat three-pronged plugs are most commonly used. It is advisable to bring an adapter.


Communications
The international dialling code for Ghana is +233. Most people use mobile phones. There are several mobile phone companies across Ghana that have roaming agreements with most international networks, and phones can be rented in Accra. Prepaid cards are readily available everywhere.

Most major hotels also have business centres, which provide secretarial and courier services. Internet cafes are on the increase throughout the country, but connection speeds are usually slow.


Business
In business a formal dress code is expected. It is very normal to exchange business cards. It is important in all meetings to greet and shake hands with each person and acknowledge their presence.
Business hours are generally 8am to 5pm Monday to Friday with an hour taken over lunch.